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Published by the Law Offices of Carl Shusterman, One Wilshire Building, 624 So. Grand Avenue, Suite 1608, Los Angeles, California, 90017. Phone: (213)623-4592, Fax: (213) 623-3720, E-Mail: carl@shusterman.com, WWW Home Page: http://www.shusterman.com
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Disclaimer: This newsletter is not intended to establish an attorney-client relationship. All information contained in this newsletter is generalized. Any reliance on information contained herein is taken at your own risk.
1. January 1998 State Department Visa Bulletin
2. Latest Processing Times for INS and Labor Department
3. President Signs Law Terminating Section 245(i)
4. New Amnesty and Suspension Law Signed by President
5. Immigration Trivia Quiz: Who is a "Victim of Communism"?
6. Health Care Workers: Still No Regs, But Some Helpful Phone #'s
7. Celebrate America Essay Contest: Prizes Galore!
8. Proposition 187 Violates Constitution States Federal Court
9. CSS v. Reno: Alien Resurrection? Plaintiffs' Attorneys Advise
10. Answers to Immigration Trivia Quiz
Most of the Family categories moved forward seven weeks or less. The only significant forward movement occurred in the 1st preference category (unmarried adult sons and daughters of citizens) where there was a seven and one-half month advance Worldwide, following on the heels of a seven month advance in this category in December. Movement in the family categories for persons born in Mexico and the Philippines was not significant, ranging from no advance for Mexican first preference to five weeks for Philippines third preference (married sons and daughters of citizens).
Most of the Employment categories remained “current” (no backlogs). The unskilled workers advanced six months to December 1, 1990 while the religious workers category advanced three and one-half months in January, identical to its advance in December.
After their disastrous showing in December, in January, the mainland China categories advanced as follows: the first preference advanced a little over three months to April 8, 1997; the second preference moved forward almost seven months to March 15, 1996; while the third preference slowly moved ahead only five weeks to December 8, 1993.
In a bit of good news for Indian nationals, the second and third category which had remained as frozen as Lot's wife during December, moved forward seven months and seven weeks, respectively, in January.
Repeating the explanation contained in our November update, the reason that India and China (PRC) are becoming increasingly backlogged is due simply to the law of supply and demand. Our immigration laws allocate approximately 26,000 visas for each country in the world, with no consideration given to the population of the country. Tiny Monaco and Andorra have roughly the same quota as the two most populous countries in the world China (PRC) and India. The only possible relief would be legislation which would create a system similar to Canada's with no country quotas.
Immigrant visas for winners of the DV-98 lottery are current for most countries and regions. The exceptions are as follows: for January 1998, a DV rank cut-off has been established for two regions (Asia at 10,220 except for Bangladesh at 5,220, and Africa at 27,070) and for one European country, Albania at 9,291.
For an explanation of what the categories, dates and symbols listed below mean, see
and
For the State Department's official version, complete with information about the movement of family, employment and lottery numbers, see
Categories | Worldwide | China (PRC) | India | Mexico | Philippines |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | 4-15-96 | 4-15-96 | 4-15-96 | 5-01-93 | 11-08-86 |
2A | 8-08-93 | 8-08-93 | 8-08-93 | 10-15-92 | 8-08-93 |
2B | 7-01-91 | 7-01-91 | 7-01-91 | 5-15-91 | 7-01-91 |
3rd | 7-08-94 | 7-08-94 | 7-08-94 | 2-01-89 | 8-08-86 |
4th | 6-08-87 | 6-08-87 | 10-01-85 | 11-01-86 | 3-17-78 |
Categories | Worldwide | China (PRC) | India | Mexico | Philippines |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st | Current | 4-08-97 | Current | Current | Current |
2nd | Current | 3-15-96 | 5-01-96 | Current | Current |
3rd | Current | 12-08-93 | 2-08-95 | Current | Current |
Unskilled | 12-01-90 | 12-01-90 | 12-01-90 | 12-01-90 | 12-01-90 |
4th | Current | Current | Current | Current | Current |
Religious | 06-01-97 | 06-01-97 | 06-01-97 | 06-01-97 | 06-01-97 |
5th | Current | Current | Current | Current | Current |
The lists containing the waiting times of each center include each state served by the center and any foreign offices within the center’s jurisdiction.
The service centers periodically issue lists of their processing times for various types of applications. Our web page contains the latest list issued by each service center.
Warning: Processing times may appear faster on the official lists than they are in reality.
To see how fast (or slow) your service center is processing a particular type of petition or application, see
You can also click above to check the processing times of your local INS District Office, your Department of Labor Regional Office and your State Employment Service Agency. These waiting times are compiled by volunteer attorneys and are usually posted two to three months after the fact.
In a sad day for immigrants and their families, President Clinton signed a bill this afternoon which terminates section 245(i), the section of law which allowed persons who qualified for permanent residence, but who violated their immigration status, to obtain green cards without leaving the U.S. upon payment of a $1,000 fine. Because of recent changes to the immigration laws, the elimination of section 245(i) could result in the following: (1) Separation of spouses and children of citizens and permanent residents for up to 10 years, and (2) An increase in the number of illegal aliens in the U.S. as undocumented family members of U.S. citizens and permanent residents go underground rather than risk years of separation from their families.
In an effort to soften the impact of this harsh legislation, Congress provided that the approximately one million persons residing in the U.S. who submitted visa petitions or labor certifications in the past, or who do so prior to January 14, 1998, will be "grandfathered" into the system and will be eligible to apply under section 245(i) in the future. Already the rush has started as thousands of additional persons, in anticipation of the new law, have submitted visa petitions and labor certifications in the past few days.
Potential immigrants should be aware that being grandfathered under section 245(i) does not confer immunity from deportation under the immigration law. The large majority of such persons will lose their eligibility under section 245(i). Others, who depart the U.S. using INS-issued travel permits ("advanced paroles") may not be permitted to re-enter the U.S.
The President's signing of the bill also triggered a seven-day phase-out period of "Designated Fingerprinting Services" (DFS) for naturalization applicants and applicants for other immigration benefits. INS was allowed by the new law to continue accepting fingerprints taken by private entities only until December 3, 1997. Fingerprints submitted to INS by mail had to be postmarked by that date. For a detailed discussion of the new fingerprinting requirements, see
and click on
"NEW NATURALIZATION FINGERPRINTING PROCEDURE Q&A (11-14-97)"
For more details regarding the new law, see
What a difference a year (and an election) make! On November 19, 1997, President Clinton signed a new amnesty law for illegal aliens enthusiastically supported by Congress, especially the Republican leadership. Indeed, House Speaker Newt Gingrich was honored in a rally held in Miami's Little Havana for his role in engineering an amnesty for illegal Cubans and Nicaraguans. As the crowd chanted "Gracias, Newt", the Speaker smiled broadly from the podium which was draped with a red "Hispanics Love Newt" banner.
A few week earlier, at a breakfast meeting on Capitol Hill with Latino Republicans, Speaker Gingrich proclaimed, "If we extend un gran abrazo (a big hug) to everyone, they will extend it back to us and we will be a big American family."
Of course, this is not a general amnesty, but a limited one, (A cynic might say "limited to those who some hope will eventually put the State of Florida back into the Republican column".): It only applies to Cubans and Nicaraguans who were in the U.S. on December 1, 1995, and are not Communists, criminals or HIV- positive, etc. They have until April 1, 2000 to submit their applications. Do they have to be sponsored by employers or relatives? Are they subject to the new stringent affidavit of support requirements? Of course not. For illegal Cubans and Nicaraguans, "mi casa es su casa".
Who else benefits from this legislation? A lot of Salvadorans and Guatemalans, in other words, potential Democratic voters. This legislation did not receive bipartisan support for nothing. Of course, since the Democrats are in the minority in Congress, they couldn't swing a full amnesty for their future voters. However, they did roll back the harsh new cancellation of removal law for these Central Americans. The old more lenient suspension of deportation rules will apply instead: Seven years physical presence will be required, not ten. The old, easier hardship rules will prevail. The 4,000 numerical cap will not apply. And, Matter of N-J-B-, that anti-immigrant provision which was reinserted into the law by Congressman Lamar Smith, just for the fun of pouring a little sand into the gears, does not apply to qualifying Central Americans. To qualify under the more relaxed standards, Salvadorans and Guatemalans must have applied for asylum or for ABC (American Baptist Church v. Thornburgh - a lawsuit) on or before April 1, 1990.
Former Soviet Bloc Nationals, "victims of communism", also qualify under the "old" suspension of deportation rules. They must have entered the U.S. on or before December 31, 1990 and have applied for asylum on or before December 31, 1991.
For the moment, Haitians were left out of the deal, but the Administration is hoping to be able to provide some benefits for the Haitians in 1998.
Those of us who continue to see the glass as half-empty note that if you were unfortunate enough to be born in one of the 180+ countries not included in the new law, you are stuck with the new harsh cancellation of removal rules, the 4,000-person cap, and now, to add insult to injury, with Matter of N-J-B-.
Isn't it curious that so many Members of Congress who proclaim that people should be judged as individuals, not as members of a particular group, voted for Spoils System for Immigration? Why is it okay to separate a Filipino or Mexican mother from her husband and children, but not okay to do so to a Nicaraguan or a Latvian? For further details, see
(A) Nationals of what countries are covered by this legislation?
(B) Which of the countries mentioned in your answer to question A are communist countries?
For a blow-by-blow history of the implementation, or lack thereof, of section 343, see
and click on the various articles under the heading of "Physicians and Other Health Care Workers".
Regarding temporary visas for registered nurses, Congress is considering a bill (H.R. 2759) which would partially restore the temporary visa category for registered nurses which was DOA due to congressional inaction in September 1995. This time nurses would be eligible for "H-1C" visas in lieu of the old "H-1A" visas. They could be employed by health care facilities (1) which possess attestations approved by the Labor Department and (2) and which are located in Health Professional Shortage Areas (HPSAs). There would be a numerical cap of 500 nurses nationwide!
For a state-by-state listing of HPSAs, see
On Wesnesday, November 5, at 10 a.m. in Room 2237 Rayburn, the House Subcommitee on Immigration and Claims, chaired by Rep. Lamar Smith, held a hearing on H.R. 2759. Witnesses included:
Representative Bobby Rush (D-Ill) Neil Sampson, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Ron Campbell, St. Bernard Hospital and Health Care Center, Chicago, Cheryl Patterson, American Nurses Association, Mark Stauder, Mercy Regional Medical Center, Laredo, Texas
According to the counsel for the subcommittee, both the industry and Rep. Smith support the bill, and its chances for passage are rated as good.
Although permanent residence remains elusive due to Section 343, some registered nurses (Canadians), physical therapists and occupational therapists can still obtain temporary work permits in the U.S., but only if they possess a license in the state of intended employment.
To make it easier for foreign-born health care workers to obtain licenses, we have compiled list of phone numbers of the RN, OT and PT licensing boards in each state. These lists can be found at
To learn more about the Essay Contest, see
Proposition 187 would have terminated virtually all educational, health and welfare benefits to illegal immigrants. In addition, it would have required public schools to verify not only the immigration status of each student, but of their parents as well.
Even proponents of Proposition 187 conceded that it was unconstitutional under the 1982 ruling of the Supreme Court in Plyler v. Doe. They hoped that the present Supreme Court would reverse the Plyler decision and allow California to expel these students from public schools.
Reaction to the decision was mixed.
One of the attorneys who successfully fought the constitutionality of the Proposition remarked that "the judge has vindicated the principle that we can't have 50 immigration policies, we can only have one."
California Governor Pete Wilson whose support of Proposition 187 breathed new life into his flagging reelection campaign sharply rebuked Judge Pfaelzer by declaring that "her analysis of Proposition 187 is as flawed and error-prone as the 1962 New York Mets. We look forward to this measure going to a higher court that has a better understanding of the law."
To carry this sports analogy a step further, Governor Wilson's legal acumen is akin to the "error-prone" ballhandling of "Marvelous" Marv Thornberry of the 1962 Mets. Consider his suit against the U.S. government for reimbursement for expenditures incurred because of INS's failure to control illegal immigration. In California v. United States, 104 F.3d 1086 (9th Cir. 1997), the U.S. Court of Appeals cried foul (a shorthand term for stating that the case presented "nonjusticiable political issues") and tossed the Governor's arguments out of court. More recently, just prior to the 1997 World Series, the Supreme Court refused to even consider the merits of the Governor's arguments.
Nonetheless, it is expected that Governor Wilson's Attorney General Daniel Lungren will step up to the plate to appeal the constitutionality of Proposition 187 to the U.S. Court of Appeals and from there to the Supreme Court.
Legally, from the date of its passage, on November 8, 1994, most provisions of Proposition 187 were immediately blocked by both Federal and State Courts. Attempts to pass similar measures in Arizona, Florida and Washington all failed. Nevertheless, many proponents of Proposition 187 declared from the outset that their primary goal was to "send a measure to Washington, D.C." The passage of anti-immigrant federal immigration and welfare laws in 1996 indicate that this "message" was heard loud and clear by both the President and Members of Congress.
At the time the 1996 immigration law was enacted, these lawsuits and several others were still pending. Only the names had changed to: CSS v. Reno and Newman (formerly LULAC) v. Reno. Section 377 of the 1996 law gave the Attorney General the authority to ask the courts to dismiss these suits with respect to most of the plaintiffs, and the Justice Department did so almost before the ink was dry on the President's signature. See
When, on April 30, 1997, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit granted the government's motion to dismiss under section 377 in CSS v. Reno, 113 F.3d 922 (9th Cir. 1997), it looked like the beginning of the end for the late amnesty lawsuits.
The Court of Appeals has recently withdrawn its April 1997 opinion. Are the plaintiffs in the late amnesty lawsuits, like the indestructible Ellen Ripley, about to undergo an Alien Resurrection?
The attorneys for the plaintiffs think not and, on December 5, 1997, formally advised nonqualifying plaintiffs to "seek other options". For further details, see
(B) To the best of my knowledge, none of the above countries are ruled by communists at present. Yet nationals of these countries are considered "victims of communism" while nationals of the Peoples Republic of China, North Korea and Vietnam, all ruled by repressive communist dictatorships, are ineligible to receive benefits under this legislation. The 64,000 ruble question: "Why don't these people qualify as victims of communism?"
Carl Shusterman
December 11, 1997